What Is The Meaning Of IPv4 and IPv6 Protocols?

Whenever I log in to use the internet on my Windows operating system, I usually go to the network setting to check the speed of the network. Sometimes, I am presented with the option to choose between IPv4 and IPv6 but I don’t have any idea what these two options mean? Do you get a performance enhancement by choosing one over the other? What specifically does each of these likely protocols do?
