How do I recover data after a blue screen computer error?

What's the best means to recover from blue screen computer memory error(s), due to a non format/scheme video ram driver, or just the wrong driver, or a 64 bit setting instead of 32 bit. There's just only one .txt document and at least 3-4 physical addresses that I have to retrieve before I reformat it if need be. Do I have to reformat it anyway?
