What is the real-time file scanning system in Antivirus??

In many recent time's antivirus I have observed a protection system called real-time scanning system.
I have used Norton 360, Norton internet security 2009, Norton Antivirus 2008, Eset NOD 32 4.2 and Eset Smart security 4 in all those antivirus software I have seen that this real time scanning system is available.
My first question is that what is the main function of this Real-time file scanning system?
What is the main difference between the normal scanning system and the real-time scanning system?
How it protects our computer?
Why the name real-time scanning is used to define this part of the software?
What is the difference between firewall or filters with this real time scanning system?
If my antivirus database is not up to date then can this real time scanning system help my PC against Virus attack?
If not then is there any other way to use it against virus attack?
Or do I have upgrade the Antivirus Database?
