What is the difference between USB 2.0 and USB 3.0?

I want to buy a new laptop, but most of those I have seen sport USB 3.0 ports.
In what way are they different from USB 2.0 ports?
Will USB 3.0 ports cause compatibility problems with my other devices, such as printers, phone chargers, keyboard and mouse?
Will I have to find new drivers for all of these?
